Dermatoscopy: an auxiliary resource for the diagnosis of poroid neoplasms

Abstract: Poroid neoplasms are benign epithelial proliferations with eccrine sweat gland differentiation. They are a challenging diagnosis because of the clinical heterogeneity, being able to mimic several malignant neoplasms. They are classified into classic poroma, hidroacanthoma simplex, dermal duct tumor and poroid hidradenoma. Association of histological subtypes occurs in more than 25% of cases. We report a case of a combined poroid neoplasia of classical poroma and poroid hidradenoma, reviewing its dermatoscopic features.

Histologic review of melanomas by pathologists trained in melanocytic lesions may change therapeutic approach in up to 41 9% of cases

Abstract: Melanoma Guidelines of the Brazilian Dermatology Society recommend histologic review by pathologists trained in melanocytic lesions whenever possible. Out of 145 melanoma cases identified at a private clinic in São Paulo/Brazil, 31 that had been submited to histologic review were studied to evaluate whether revision had led to change in therapeutic approach.. Differences in original/reviewed reports were found in 58.1% (n=18) of the reports, leading to changes in therapeutic approach in 41.9% (n=13). Change in diagnosis was observed in 6 out of 31 (19,3%) cases. These findings suggest that second opinion by pathologists trained in melanocytic lesions is likely to show significant differences from the original report.

Ingenol mebutate in the treatment of actinic keratoses: clearance rate and adverse effects

Abstract: Background: Actinic keratoses are benign intraepithelial skin neoplasms that develop in photoexposed areas and can progress to invasive carcinoma. They are seen frequently in dermatological practice, occurring in 5.1% of consultations. Ingenol mebutate (IM) was recently approved in Brazil as a topical therapy for field cancerization in actinic keratosis. Objective: To evaluate the clearance rate and adverse events in the treatment of actinic keratoses with ingenol mebutate. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective, non-randomized, interventional, open, single-center study was conducted. Patients with actinic keratoses applied ingenol mebutate on a 25cm2 area of the face and/or scalp for three consecutive days (0.015%) or on the forearm for two days (0.05%). Results: 27 patients completed the protocol, of whom 13 on the face and/or scalp and 14 on the forearm. Complete clearance occurred in 53.8% in the first group and 42.8% in the second. Partial response was observed in 15.4% and 35.7%, respectively. The most common side effects were erythema, edema, desquamation, pruritus, and local erosion. Study limitations: The study had a small sample and was not randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, or vehicle-controlled. Conclusion: Ingenol mebutate is well-tolerated for the treatment of actinic keratosis, with good patient adherence thanks to the short treatment period.

Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma

Abstract Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma is an eccrine carcinoma subtype, and only twelve cases have been reported until now. It is a rare tumor and its histopathological diagnosis is difficult. Almost half of patients are misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by the incisional biopsy. We report the thirteenth case of squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma. Female patient, 72 years old, in the last 6 months presenting erythematous, keratotic and ulcerated papules on the nose. The incisional biopsy diagnosed squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma. After excision, histopathology revealed positive margins. A wideningmargins surgery and grafting were performed, which again resulted in positive margins. The patient was then referred for radiotherapy. After 25 sessions, the injury reappeared. After another surgery, although the intraoperative biopsy showed free surgical margins, the product of resection revealed persistent lesion. Distinction between squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma is important because of the more aggressive nature of the first, which requires wider margins surgery to avoid recurrence.

Dermatofibrossarcoma atrófico: a importância da suspeita clínica / Atrophic Dermatofibrosarcoma: the importance of clinical suspicion

Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante é tumor fibro-histiocítico de malignidade intermediária, relativamente incomum e recidivante. Sua variante mais rara é conhecida como atrófica, tipo morfeia ou dermatofibrossarcoma não protuberante, sendo de difícil diagnóstico clínico. Não há critérios dermatoscópicos bem estabelecidos, portanto o diagnóstico é histopatológico. Existem avanços nas áreas da imuno-histoquímica e da genética que auxiliam no diagnóstico e excisão cirúrgica completa. Relatamos um caso de dermatofibrossarcoma atrófico em paciente de 27 anos, revisado na literatura quanto aos aspectos clínicos, dermatoscópicos, histopatológicos e genéticos.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is an uncommon and relapsing fibrohistiocytic tumor of intermediate malignancy. Its rarest variant is known as atrophic, morphea type or dermatofibrosarcoma non protuberans and its clinical diagnose is difficult. There are not well established dermatoscopic criteria, so the diagnosis is histopathologic. There are advances in immunohistochemical and genetic that help the diagnosis and complete surgical excision. It is reported a case of atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma in a 27 years patient ant it is reviewed the clinical, dermoscopic, histological and genetic aspects.

Development of exclusively cutaneous sarcoidosis in patient with rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with etanercept / Desenvolvimento de sarcoidose exclusivamente cutânea em paciente com artrite reumatoide, durante tratamento com etanercepte

Summary We report the case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who, after 2 months of treatment with etanercept, showed disseminated asymptomatic violaceous papules. Biopsy of the skin lesion showed chronic granulomatous dermatitis with negative staining for fungi and acid-fast bacilli (AFB). After discontinuation of etanercept, the patient's condition improved. Although apparently paradoxical, cases of cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis after anti-TNF medications have been reported in the literature, with very few cases presenting exclusive cutaneous involvement.

Resumo Relata-se caso de uma paciente com artrite reumatoide que, após 2 meses de tratamento com o medicamento imunobiológico anti-TNF-α etanercepte, apresentou quadro cutâneo compatível com sarcoidose. Notavam-se pápulas violáceas disseminadas e assintomáticas, cuja histopatologia revelou dermatite crônica granulomatosa, com pesquisa de fungos e bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes negativa. Após suspensão do etanercepte, houve regressão do quadro cutâneo. Apesar de paradoxal, têm sido relatados na literatura casos de sarcoidose cutânea e sistêmica após uso de medicações anti-TNF, sendo raríssimos os casos com acometimento cutâneo exclusivo.

Bier's spots with onset in childhood

Abstract Bier spots are small, irregular, hypopigmented macules that are usually found on the arms and legs. The macules disappear when the limb is raised. Bier spots have been reported in association with a number of conditions but there is no consistent association to specific desease. Although they usually affect young adults, we report a case of Bier spots that began in childhood. As an asymptomatic and possibly transitional condition, the disease does not require treatment.

Nefrotoxicidade dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais / Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs nephrotoxicity

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) constituem atualmente a classe de medicamentos mais comumente prescrita no mundo todo. A frequência do seu uso tem crescido bastante nos últimos anos. A relação entre o uso de AINEs e a insuficiência renal já está bastante estabelecida e resulta de alterações na vasodilatação renal compensatória, além da liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias que causam lesão glomerular. O comprometimento renal constitui um dos principais responsáveis pelo alto índice de morbimortalidade associada ao uso indiscriminado dos AINEs. No presente artigo realizamos uma revisão da literatura existente acerca da nefrotoxicidade causada pelo uso dos AINEs, analisando a fisiopatologia e as principais manifestações clínicas das diversas formas de acometimento renal.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute the most commonly prescribed drug all overthe world. The frequency of their use has increased in the past years. The association between the useof NSAIDs and renal failure is well established and occurs due to renal compensatory vasodilatation, along with cytokine release, which causes glomerular lesion. Renal damage constitutes one of the main reasons for the high rate of morbimortality associated to the indiscriminated use of NSAIDs. In this article we review the literature about nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs, evaluating the pathophysiology and the main clinical features of different kinds of renal injuries.